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Distributions

Ubuntu​

Locale Settings​

export LANG=en_US
xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update
export LANG=zh_CN
  • /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local
sudo locale-gen zh_CN.GBK
sudo locale-gen zh_CN.GB18030
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales

Icon​

Nightly build for Numix Circle icon:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install numix-icon-theme-circle

GTK​

GTK/GNOME themes located in /usr/share/themes/ or ~/.themes/:

# Vimix Cursors Installation
git clone https://github.com/vinceliuice/Vimix-cursors
sudo ./Vimix-cursors/install.sh

# WhiteSur GNOME theme Installation
git clone https://github.com/vinceliuice/WhiteSur-gtk-theme
sudo ./WhiteSur-gtk-theme/install.sh -t all -i ubuntu
# Tweak for Firefox
sudo ./WhiteSur-gtk-theme/tweaks.sh -f
# Tweak for Snap Apps
sudo ./WhiteSur-gtk-theme/tweaks.sh -s
# Tweak for GDM
sudo ./WhiteSur-gtk-theme/tweaks.sh -g -i ubuntu
# Tweak Help Docs
sudo ./WhiteSur-gtk-theme/tweaks.sh -h

Repair for not detected HDMI problem:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm3
sudo apt install --reinstall gdm3 lightdm ubuntu-desktop

GNOME Shell Extension​

  • Install GNOME shell extension for browser.
  • Install local binding app: sudo apt install chrome-gnome-shell.
  • Visit extensions.gnome.org to install extensions.

Fonts​

mkdir -p ~/.local/share/fonts/
cp -fr code-fonts ~/.local/share/fonts/
fc-cache -f -v
fc-list
fc-list : family | sort | uniq

Arch Linux​

Setup​

less /usr/share/aif/docs/official_installation_guide_en
pacman -S lynx arch-wiki-docs arch-wiki-lite
lynx /usr/share/doc/arch-wiki/html/index.html
systemctl enable dhcpcd
reboot
pacman -S --needed base-devel git wget jshon expac yajl zsh vim
  • makepkg
curl -L -O https://aur.archlinux.org/cgit/aur.git/snapshot/package_name.tar.gz
cd package_name
less PKGBUILD
less package_name.install

makepkg -si
# -s sync deps
# -i install
# -r rm deps
# -c clean up

Pacman​

  • /etc/pacman.conf
  • /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

AUR​

# packages' list
wget https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.gz

WSL​

Installation​

Upgrade to WSL2:

# <!-- markdownlint-disable-next-line MD013 -->
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

# Restart computer.

wget https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi
wsl --set-default-version 2
wsl --set-version Ubuntu-22.04 2
wsl -l -v

Connection​

Gzip for WSL2:

echo -en '\x10' | sudo dd of=/usr/bin/gzip count=1 bs=1 conv=notrunc seek=$((0x189))

Winsock for WSL2:

netsh winsock reset

Proxy​

Network and proxy for WSL2:

# HostIP=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{ print $2 }')
HostIP=$(ip route show | grep -i default | awk '{ print $3}')
WslIP=$(hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
Port=1080
PROXY_SOCKS="socks5://${HostIP}:${Port}"

# For Git CLI.
git config --global http.proxy "${PROXY_SOCKS}"
git config --global https.proxy "${PROXY_SOCKS}"

# For GitHub CLI.
export HTTP_PROXY="${PROXY_SOCKS}"
export HTTPS_PROXY="${PROXY_SOCKS}"
Socks Client

主机代理客户端需要允许 VLAN (或其他网络) 设备访问本地代理连接.

当本地配置系统代理后，需要更改 WSL2 网络配置:

# ~/.wslconfig
[wsl2]
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true

Wi-Fi​

Win 11 MediaTek Wi-Fi 6 delay start: set Network Connections and WLAN AutoConfig to auto-start in services.

Package Manager​

Rpm​

安装和卸载时同时存在依赖性(包依赖、库依赖)

rpm 查询:

  • -q 包名 查询已安装的包 //必备参数
  • -a 查询所有已安装的包
  • -i 查询软件信息
  • -l list
  • -f 查询系统文件属于哪个软件包
  • -R 查询软件包的依赖性
  • -p 查询未安装包 //普适参数

rpm 校验(查看 Cracker 信息):

  • -V 校验已安装包 相应信息不是.号便是被修改项 可用于找回丢失的系统命令

Yum​

源配置文件:/etc/yum.repos.d

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bk
wget https://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum makecache
  • yum list
  • yum search 'keyword'
  • yum -y(自动回答 yes) install 包名
  • yum -y update 包名
  • yum -y remove 包名
  • yum grouplist
  • yum groupinstall 软件组名
  • yum groupremove 软件组名

Source Code​

指定位置:

  • /usr/local/软件名/
  • /usr/local/src/软件名/

(如上述脚本出错，执行 make clean）

make install

e.g. apache /var/www/html/index.html /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html

Applications​

  • desktop shortcut: /usr/share/applications
  • startup apps: gnome-session-properties or gnome-tweaks

Default​

update-alternatives: maintain symbolic links determining default commands.

sudo update-alternatives --get-selections
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator
 \ x-terminal-emulator /opt/Hyper/hyper 50
sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator

APT Key​

# Add key
sudo apt-add-repository ppa:user/repo
sudo apt update

# Delete key via last 8 bits
sudo apt-key list
sudo apt-key del 73C62A18
sudo apt update

References​

  • Linux from scratch guide.